一、不定式的语法功能

主语：To catch the train is impossible. 要赶上那趟火车是不可能的了。

宾语：They need to look at a map. 他们需要查看地图。

表语：My work is to clean the classroom. 我的工作是清洁教室。

定语：I have lots of work to do. 我有许多事要做。

状语：I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。

宾补：He told me to close the door. 他叫我去关门。

二、动名词的语法功能

主语：Reading is a pleasure. 阅读是件快乐的事。

宾语：I enjoy reading. 我喜欢阅读。

表语：Her hobby is singing songs. 她爱好唱歌。

定语：He’s in the reading room. 他在阅览室。

三、现在分词的语法功能

表语：The book is very interesting. 那本书很有趣。

定语：It’s an interesting book. 这是本有趣的书。

状语：He sat there, reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里看报。

宾补：I saw him standing there. 我看见他站在那里。

四、过去分词的语法功能

表语：They were excited at the news. 听到这个消息非常激动。

定语：There’re few minutes left. 没几分钟剩下了。

状语：Seen from the hill, our school looks beautiful. 从山上看我校很美。

宾补：I saw him beaten by Tom. 我看见他被汤姆打了。